Facing a weapons or firearm possession charge in Roselle can be an overwhelming experience that affects employment, family life, and freedom. This page explains the legal landscape for those charged in Roselle, New Jersey, and outlines practical steps to take after an arrest. You will find clear information about common charges, potential penalties, available defenses, and how local courts typically handle these matters. The goal is to provide realistic expectations and actionable guidance so individuals and families can make informed decisions during a stressful time and pursue the most favorable outcome possible.
The following sections break down how weapons and firearm possession cases proceed in Union County and the municipal courts serving Roselle. You will read about definitions, key legal terms, investigative steps law enforcement may take, and options for resolving charges through negotiation or trial. There is also an overview of how a local criminal defense attorney approaches these matters in Roselle, including case assessment, evidence review, and negotiation strategy. This page is designed to help residents understand their rights and prepare for the next steps after being charged in their community.
Strong local defense can shape the outcome of a weapons or firearm possession case in ways that matter to your future. A focused defense identifies weaknesses in the prosecution’s case, challenges unlawful stops or searches, evaluates evidence handling, and seeks opportunities to reduce or dismiss charges. Effective representation can limit criminal exposure, protect employment prospects, and preserve driving and professional licenses when applicable. For Roselle residents, familiarity with local prosecutors, judges, and procedures increases the likelihood of favorable plea agreements or case resolutions that minimize long-term consequences and give clients a clear path forward after an arrest.
The Law Office of Edward Appel handles criminal defense matters, including weapons and firearm possession cases, for clients across Roselle and Union County. The firm focuses on thorough case preparation, careful review of police reports and evidence, and persistent advocacy in negotiations and court hearings. Clients receive clear communication about risks and realistic options, from pretrial motions to trial advocacy when necessary. The practice aims to defend clients’ rights at every stage while pursuing resolutions that reduce or eliminate the most serious consequences of possession charges under New Jersey law.
Weapons and firearm possession charges in New Jersey can range from simple possession to unlawful possession of a firearm, each carrying different potential penalties and collateral impacts. Understanding the specific allegations, the statutory elements prosecutors must prove, and the factual circumstances of an arrest is essential. Local courts in Roselle and Union County rely on state statutes and precedent, but outcomes depend heavily on how evidence was obtained and presented. Early assessment and a prompt response give defendants options for pretrial motions, evidence suppression, or plea discussions that could favorably change the case trajectory.
When evaluating a weapons or firearm matter, it is important to focus on legal definitions, procedural safeguards, and possible defenses tailored to the facts. Common considerations include whether the item was actually a firearm under statute, whether possession was knowing and intentional, and whether police actions complied with constitutional limits. Local knowledge of Roselle court practices and the people involved in prosecution can also influence outcomes. A reasoned defense strategy looks beyond immediate charges to potential long-term impacts on employment, housing, and background checks, and seeks to mitigate those risks.
Under New Jersey law, firearm and weapons possession includes situations where a person knowingly has a weapon in their control or on their property. Definitions vary by statute but often distinguish between permitted ownership, illegal possession, and possession when certain prohibitions apply. The legal standard generally requires prosecutors to show that the defendant had knowledge and control of the weapon. Courts also consider whether a firearm was operable and whether the defendant had a legal right to possess it. Understanding these nuances is vital in formulating defenses that may challenge the prosecution’s evidence or legal interpretations.
A weapons or firearm possession case typically follows a sequence of arrest, charging, arraignment, discovery, motions, plea negotiations, and possibly trial. Important elements include the identification of the item, proof of constructive or actual possession, and any factors that enhance charges, such as prior convictions or possession near schools. The defense often examines whether police had probable cause for stops and searches, whether chain of custody was maintained for evidence, and whether statements to officers were voluntary. Each step offers opportunities to narrow charges, exclude evidence, or achieve a resolution that limits penalties.
This glossary explains terms you will see in weapons and firearm possession cases in Roselle and across New Jersey. Clear definitions help clients understand charges, court documents, and case strategy. Terms cover possession types, procedural steps, and evidentiary concepts. Knowing these words can make conversations with defense counsel and court personnel more productive. The glossary here is intended to demystify common phrases used by prosecutors and judges, ensuring that defendants and family members can follow case developments and participate meaningfully in decisions about plea offers and trial plans.
Constructive possession refers to situations where an individual does not have a weapon on their person but has the power and intention to control it, such as in a shared vehicle or residence. Courts assess whether the defendant knew about the item and could exercise control over it, considering proximity, ownership, and access. Establishing or rebutting constructive possession often depends on context and witness testimony, and it is a common focus in defenses to firearm possession charges. Successfully challenging constructive possession can lead to reduced charges or dismissal when the evidence of control is weak.
Unlawful possession means the person lacked a legal right to have the weapon under state law. This can include people with certain prior convictions, restraining orders, or other disqualifying conditions. Prosecutors must prove that the defendant knew they possessed the firearm and that the possession was prohibited by statute. Defenses may involve showing lawful ownership, lack of knowledge, or procedural errors in the process used to identify and seize the weapon. Resolving allegations of unlawful possession requires detailed factual and legal analysis specific to each case.
Actual possession describes when a weapon is on a defendant’s person or within clear physical control, such as in a pocket, waistband, or hand. This form of possession is often easier for prosecutors to prove because of direct observation or physical evidence. Defense strategies might challenge whether the item was handled by the defendant or whether witnesses misidentified possession. When actual possession is alleged, immediate steps to document the arrest report, witness statements, and evidence handling can be essential to crafting an effective defense.
A suppression motion asks the court to exclude evidence obtained through an unlawful stop, search, or seizure under the Fourth Amendment. If the court grants suppression, critical evidence may be removed from the case, sometimes leading to dismissal. Common suppression claims involve lack of probable cause, invalid warrants, or violations of procedural requirements. Preparing a successful motion requires careful review of police reports, body camera footage if available, and witness accounts. A favorable ruling on suppression can significantly change the prosecution’s ability to proceed.
Defendants facing weapons or firearm possession charges in Roselle generally consider several options: negotiating a plea to lesser charges, pursuing pretrial motions to suppress evidence, or taking the case to trial. Each path has tradeoffs concerning time, risks, and potential outcomes. Plea negotiations may resolve the case more quickly with reduced penalties, while motions can eliminate key evidence but require convincing the court. Trials offer a chance for full acquittal but carry the risk of harsher sentences if convicted. An informed decision balances the strength of the prosecution’s case with the client’s goals and tolerance for litigation.
A limited approach may be reasonable when the alleged offense is a lower-level possession count and there are strong mitigating facts, such as lack of prior criminal history, minimal public safety risk, or demonstrable circumstances that reduce culpability. In these situations the focus is often on negotiating a favorable plea, securing a diversionary program, or minimizing fines and probation. The benefit of a limited strategy is quicker resolution and lower legal cost compared to extended litigation, while still protecting long-term interests like employment and housing opportunities.
When the defense identifies clear, narrow remedies that address the most damaging allegations, a limited approach centered on those remedies can be effective. Examples include resolving a charge through a pretrial diversion program that expunges records after compliance or agreeing to a plea that avoids incarceration. This path often suits clients who prioritize swift resolution and reduced collateral impact. The decision depends on the defendant’s goals and a realistic assessment of likely outcomes compared to the time and expense of pursuing aggressive litigation.
A comprehensive defense is often necessary when the case involves complex factual issues, multiple alleged offenses, or potential sentence enhancements based on prior convictions. In such cases a full investigative approach is beneficial, including subpoenas for records, forensic analysis, and detailed witness interviews. A broader strategy gives the defense time to pursue suppression motions, develop counter-evidence, and negotiate from a position of strength. When serious penalties are possible, investing in a full defense can meaningfully change the case direction and reduce long-term consequences.
A comprehensive plan is advisable when an arrest could jeopardize a client’s job, professional licensing, immigration status, or family stability. These high stakes require a detailed defense that not only addresses criminal exposure but also coordinates with other advisers as needed to protect employment or licensing outcomes. A broad strategy seeks to preserve reputational and economic stability by exploring every available legal avenue, from pretrial motions to plea negotiations that minimize collateral damage and help clients maintain as much normalcy as possible.
A comprehensive defense provides the time and resources to investigate the arrest, scrutinize evidence, and prepare persuasive motions that can exclude illegally obtained material or impeach witness credibility. This thoroughness increases the chance of reduced charges or dismissal and prepares the case for effective plea bargaining or trial presentation. In Roselle, where local courtroom practice can shape outcomes, a complete strategy also includes attention to plea calendar dynamics and relationships with prosecutors that may influence negotiations and sentencing recommendations.
Beyond immediate case outcomes, a comprehensive approach focuses on mitigating collateral effects such as background checks, employment risks, and housing consequences. By addressing legal and practical fallout together, clients can plan for post-resolution steps like record sealing or diversion completion when appropriate. Comprehensive representation also emphasizes clear client communication and frequent updates so those charged and their families understand progress and options at each stage of the process in Roselle and Union County courts.
A complete defense includes exhaustive review of police reports, forensic results, witness statements, and any available video or audio. This review supports targeted pretrial motions to suppress evidence or exclude unreliable testimony. Successful motions can dramatically weaken the prosecution’s case and lead to favorable resolutions. The process includes interviewing witnesses, consulting with technical analysts when needed, and crafting persuasive legal arguments tailored to the facts and applicable law in New Jersey, increasing the possibility of reduced charges or dismissal.
Comprehensive preparation strengthens negotiating leverage with prosecutors because the defense can realistically challenge core evidence and present mitigation. This can result in plea offers that avoid incarceration, limit criminal record impacts, or place defendants into diversion programs. Strategic negotiation also considers long-term effects like sealing eligibility and record management. For Roselle clients, negotiating from a position built on solid investigation and motion practice often produces more favorable outcomes than immediate concession to charges without thorough analysis.
After an arrest for weapons or firearm possession, it is important to collect and preserve as much information as possible. Note the time, location, officer names and badge numbers if available, and the sequence of events while details are fresh. Request copies of the police report and any footage or body camera recordings as soon as possible. Photograph injuries, scene conditions, and any items involved. This documentation supports later review and may reveal inconsistencies or procedural issues that benefit the defense during motion practice or plea negotiations in Roselle and Union County.
Working closely and promptly with your attorney improves the chances of a favorable outcome. Provide full and honest information about the incident, including witnesses, ownership or access to property, and any relevant background. Timely cooperation allows the defense to investigate soon after the event, when evidence and memories are freshest. Attend hearings and meetings, and follow guidance about court appearances and document requests. A collaborative approach helps the attorney develop effective strategies suited to Roselle court procedures and the particulars of your case.
Legal representation matters because firearm possession convictions can carry significant short and long term consequences, from fines and probation to incarceration and housing or employment barriers. A lawyer can evaluate whether constitutional violations occurred during the stop or search, seek suppression of improperly obtained evidence, and negotiate alternatives that limit the charge’s impact. For those facing charges in Roselle, having counsel who understands local procedures and possible diversionary programs increases the likelihood of resolving the case in a manner that protects future opportunities.
Even when the path forward seems straightforward, professional legal advocacy helps ensure rights are protected and that decisions are based on realistic outcomes rather than uncertainty or misinformation. An attorney can assess risk, explain plea options versus trial, and coordinate post-resolution steps such as sealing records when appropriate. Representation also offers structured communication with prosecutors and the court so that clients in Roselle can pursue outcomes that preserve family stability, employment, and personal freedom to the greatest extent possible under New Jersey law.
Possession cases in Roselle often arise from traffic stops, searches of residences or vehicles, police responses to reported disturbances, or evidence found during unrelated investigations. Other scenarios include allegations of constructive possession in shared spaces, discovery of items during probation or parole checks, or disputes over lawful ownership. Each scenario brings distinct legal questions about authority to search, notice and control of property, and the defendant’s knowledge. Identifying the precise circumstances is foundational to mounting effective defenses and exploring resolution options with prosecutors.
Traffic stops can escalate into possession charges when officers discover weapons in the vehicle. The legality of the stop and subsequent search is a key issue, including whether officers had probable cause or conducted a lawful inventory search. Defense can focus on challenging the basis for the stop, the scope of the search, or chain of custody problems after evidence is seized. A careful factual review can expose weaknesses in the prosecution’s narrative and create opportunities for suppression or reduced charges in Roselle municipal and Union County proceedings.
Searches of residences, storage units, or shared living areas can produce allegations of constructive possession. The defense examines whether police had a valid warrant, whether consent to search was voluntary, and who had actual access and control. When multiple individuals occupy a space, proving ownership or knowledge of a weapon becomes more complex. Legal arguments may show that the weapon belonged to someone else or that the defendant lacked awareness, leading to potential dismissal or lesser charges depending on the evidence in the Roselle context.
Weapons or firearm allegations sometimes surface during broader criminal investigations, such as drug cases or domestic disputes. In these instances the defense reviews the interaction between different charges and whether evidence was properly separated and handled. Cross-examination of witnesses and analysis of police procedures may weaken the connection between the defendant and the weapon. Addressing these intertwined issues early helps clarify defense strategy and may lead to plea arrangements that limit overall legal exposure within Roselle and Union County dockets.
The Law Office of Edward Appel concentrates on criminal defense matters and has experience representing clients charged with weapons and firearm possession in Union County courts. The firm emphasizes clear communication, careful preparation, and aggressive representation in both negotiations and hearings. Clients receive personalized attention to their circumstances and practical advice about risks and likely outcomes. This local focus enables the firm to navigate Roselle court dynamics and advocate for resolutions that limit the impact on clients’ daily lives and future opportunities under New Jersey law.
Representation includes a thorough review of police reports, physical evidence, and procedural compliance to identify potential grounds for suppression or challenge. The attorney prepares motions, negotiates with prosecutors, and, when necessary, litigates at trial. Attention to detail and consistent client communication help people make informed choices about plea offers, diversion programs, or trial strategy. The aim is to secure a result that addresses immediate charges and mitigates longer term consequences that could affect employment, housing, or other personal interests in Roselle.
Clients working with the firm receive guidance on both legal and practical next steps, including documentation requests, witness contact, and post-resolution remedies such as expungement eligibility. Timely action often changes case dynamics, so early consultation can be decisive. The office also coordinates with allied professionals when matters touch on family law, employment, or administrative licensing issues. This broad view supports clients seeking to move forward after resolution of a weapons or firearm possession matter in Roselle and the surrounding Union County communities.
At intake the firm conducts a detailed interview to learn the facts, gathers police reports and evidence, and reviews any criminal history that may affect charges. The attorney then evaluates possible defenses and procedural challenges, discusses options with the client, and recommends a plan. This plan may include filing pretrial motions, negotiating with the prosecutor, or preparing for trial. The approach is methodical, focusing on factual accuracy and timely legal actions that aim to protect rights and secure the best achievable outcome for clients in Roselle and Union County.
The first step involves obtaining and analyzing police reports, witness statements, photographs, and any video or audio captured at the scene. This review assesses the legality of the stop or search, the strength of the prosecution’s case, and potential defenses. Gathering this information early is important to identify preservation needs such as requesting recordings and issuing subpoenas. The intake assessment also addresses client goals, which help shape whether to pursue motions, negotiate, or prepare for trial in Roselle court proceedings.
Collecting official records includes requesting police reports, arrest records, booking photos, evidence inventory logs, and any available body camera or dashcam footage. Timely requests ensure records are preserved and reduce the chance that exculpatory materials are lost. The defense team reviews chain of custody documentation to ensure proper handling of seized weapons or items. Identifying gaps or inconsistencies in these records may form the basis for pretrial motions that challenge whether evidence should be excluded in court.
The next part of initial preparation focuses on interviewing eyewitnesses, potential alibi witnesses, and anyone with relevant information about the events. These conversations can clarify timelines, identify discrepancies in accounts, and uncover facts that support defenses such as lack of knowledge or constructive possession. Witness statements recorded early are valuable and can highlight issues with the prosecution’s narrative. This factual development supports strategic decisions about filing motions or entering negotiations with prosecutors in Roselle and Union County courts.
Following evidence collection, the defense often evaluates whether to file pretrial motions to suppress improperly obtained evidence or dismiss charges. Motions can be powerful tools to limit the prosecution’s case, sometimes leading to reduced charges or outright dismissal. Concurrently, the defense engages in negotiations with the prosecutor, presenting legal vulnerabilities or mitigation to seek a favorable resolution. The goal is to explore all avenues that minimize penalties while aligning with the client’s preferences for the pace and scope of litigation.
Motions typically address Fourth Amendment violations, such as unlawful stops and searches, or procedural errors in evidence handling. A successful motion can remove key evidence and significantly weaken the prosecution’s case. Preparing these motions requires precise factual support and legal research tailored to New Jersey law and local court precedent. When suppression is possible, the defense carefully weighs the benefits of a motion versus immediate negotiation, using motions as leverage when appropriate during talks with prosecutors in Roselle.
Negotiation efforts may yield plea offers that reduce charges, limit penalties, or provide access to diversion programs where available. The defense presents mitigating facts and legal challenges to influence the prosecutor’s assessment. Agreements can also include conditions that help preserve employment and minimize record implications. When negotiation stalls, preserving the right to trial remains an option, and the defense prepares accordingly, ensuring that clients understand the tradeoffs between accepting a deal and proceeding to contested hearings.
If a case proceeds to trial, comprehensive preparation begins, including witness preparation, expert consultations if needed, and developing a persuasive narrative supported by evidence and legal argument. Trial strategy addresses jury selection, witness examination, and effective presentation of defenses. The courtroom phase is where the prosecution must prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt, and a well-prepared defense can exploit inconsistencies and credibility issues. Even if trial is not reached, readiness to try the case strengthens the defense position in ongoing negotiations.
Preparing witnesses and organizing evidence are central trial tasks. The defense coordinates testimony, ensures documentary evidence is admissible, and tests forensic claims. Effective preparation anticipates prosecution tactics and develops clear cross-examination themes to challenge credibility. The goal is to create doubt about key elements like knowledge, control, or lawful possession. Solid preparation also includes logistics for courtroom presentation and rehearsing openings and closings that make the defense case accessible and compelling to the judge or jury.
Courtroom advocacy requires organizing facts and law into a coherent story that undercuts the prosecution’s case. This includes careful cross-examination, targeted use of exhibits, and persuasive closing argument that highlights reasonable doubt. The defense emphasizes legal standards and factual inconsistencies to seek acquittal or favorable jury findings. Even when facing tough evidence, a focused presentation may lead jurors or the judge to find gaps in the prosecution’s proof, resulting in reduced charges or not guilty verdicts.
Penalties for firearm possession in New Jersey vary based on the specific statute, prior convictions, and circumstances such as possession near schools or use in other offenses. Consequences can include fines, probation, restitution, and incarceration. Enhanced penalties apply when the person is disqualified from possessing firearms due to prior felony convictions or certain domestic violence orders. The prosecution’s charging decision and the court’s sentencing discretion shape the final outcome, so understanding the potential range early on helps defendants make informed choices. A conviction may also carry collateral consequences that extend beyond direct penalties. These can include loss of firearm rights, difficulties with employment or housing, and long-term background check implications. Counsel can assess mitigation options, diversionary programs, or plea agreements that reduce the exposure to severe penalties. Early legal involvement often improves the chance of a resolution that lessens both immediate and collateral impacts.
Evidence may be suppressed if police conducted a warrantless search without lawful justification such as probable cause or consent. In traffic stop scenarios, the legality of the stop and any subsequent search is scrutinized to determine if the Fourth Amendment protections were violated. If a judge agrees that constitutional rights were breached, critical evidence may be excluded from the case, which can substantially weaken the prosecution’s position. Filing a suppression motion requires careful review of the arrest report, any available video, and witness statements to demonstrate the lack of legal basis for the search. Success is fact dependent and hinges on showing that officers lacked a valid reason or exceeded the permissible scope of a search. Early preservation of these issues is important because delays can reduce the ability to obtain crucial records and testimony.
Actual possession occurs when a weapon is physically on the defendant or clearly within immediate reach, such as in a pocket or hand. Constructive possession exists when a person does not physically hold the weapon but has the ability and intent to control it, such as weapons found in a shared vehicle or residence. Prosecutors must prove knowledge and control for constructive possession, which can be more challenging when multiple people may have had access. Defending against these theories involves examining who had access, ownership indicators, and whether the defendant knew about the weapon. Evidence like fingerprints, witness testimony, or statements can influence which possession theory applies. Effective defense strategy tailors arguments to the type of possession alleged and seeks to show lack of knowledge or control when possible.
Yes, a firearm possession charge can affect employment or professional licensing, depending on the job and governing licensing authority. Employers often review criminal records, and certain convictions may disqualify individuals from jobs that involve security, transportation, or regulatory responsibilities. Licensing boards may have their own standards for moral character or criminal eligibility, and a conviction could trigger disciplinary measures or denial of licensing applications. Addressing these risks includes exploring options that minimize record impact, such as diversion programs or negotiated resolutions that avoid convictions. After resolution, post-conviction remedies like sealing or expungement may be available under limited circumstances, which can help restore employment and licensing prospects over time. Consulting counsel early can clarify which steps protect these professional interests.
You should contact an attorney as soon as practicable after an arrest or charge. Early consultation allows counsel to review the arrest circumstances, obtain police reports and body camera footage, identify preservation needs, and advise on interactions with law enforcement. Prompt action can uncover constitutional issues and begin the process of building defenses before evidence disappears or memories fade. Early involvement also helps guide decisions about providing statements, posting bail, and addressing initial court dates. A lawyer can field communications from prosecutors, advocate at early hearings, and develop a strategic plan aligned with the client’s goals. The sooner counsel reviews the case, the more options may be available for mitigation or favorable resolution in Roselle.
Diversion programs may be available for certain low-level offenses or for first-time offenders in New Jersey, but their availability for firearm possession charges is limited and depends on the facts and charging decisions. Eligibility often requires meeting strict criteria and agreeing to conditions such as counseling, community service, or restitution. When available, diversion can lead to dismissal upon successful completion, avoiding a conviction on the record. Because diversion options vary by county and prosecutor, local knowledge of Union County practices is valuable. An attorney can evaluate eligibility, negotiate terms, and present mitigating information to the prosecutor to seek admission into a diversion program when appropriate. Early advocacy increases the chance of accessing alternative resolutions when they exist.
Juvenile defendants are generally subject to different procedures and facilities than adults, but serious firearm accusations can sometimes lead to tougher juvenile court outcomes or transfer to adult court depending on age and severity. Juvenile adjudications and their consequences differ from adult convictions, yet long-term impacts on education and future opportunities still occur. The juvenile system often emphasizes rehabilitation, so defense strategies focus on minimizing exposure and pursuing interventions that support positive outcomes. Because rules and potential transfer mechanisms differ, prompt representation is important to preserve juvenile protections where possible. Counsel can work to keep the case in juvenile court, seek diversion, or argue for rehabilitative measures tailored to the youth’s needs. Each case is fact specific and requires careful review of the allegations and the juvenile’s background to determine the best path forward.
If officers request to search your home without a warrant, you should politely decline unless they present a valid warrant or you consent. Consent can waive certain legal protections, so it is important to understand that allowing a search may result in evidence being seized. If officers state exigent circumstances or other legal grounds, you should note details and contact counsel promptly. Avoid obstructive behavior but do not consent to searches out of fear or confusion without discussing legal consequences. After any search, document what happened, obtain names and badge numbers if possible, and request copies of any written statements or warrants. Early legal advice helps evaluate whether the search was lawful and whether a suppression motion is warranted. Timely review of police actions is essential to preserving arguments that may exclude evidence obtained during an improper search.
In New Jersey, sealing and expungement rules are limited and depend on the nature of the offense and the final disposition. A conviction for a weapons or firearm offense may not always be eligible for expungement, particularly for serious crimes or when multiple offenses exist. However, certain dismissals or successful completion of diversion programs can make sealing possible. The availability of post-resolution remedies depends on statutory criteria and timing, so it is important to review case outcomes with counsel to determine eligibility and process steps. An attorney can help pursue expungement when eligible and advise on other record mitigation options. Early consideration of long-term record consequences may influence decisions about plea offers or whether to seek trial, because some resolutions preserve greater potential for sealing than others. Understanding these differences helps defendants in Roselle plan for rehabilitation and restoration of opportunities.
Prior criminal history often influences both charging decisions and potential sentencing in weapons possession cases. A prior felony conviction or disqualifying offense can enhance penalties and limit available defenses. Prosecutors may pursue stricter charges or oppose leniency when a defendant has a significant record. Defense strategies consequently incorporate careful analysis of prior matters and focus on mitigation or legal arguments that minimize the weight of past convictions in current proceedings. When prior history exists, counsel reviews records for inaccuracies, possible grounds for limiting their impact, and avenues for mitigation such as demonstrating rehabilitation. Addressing these issues early and presenting compelling mitigation evidence can sometimes reduce sentence severity or lead to plea terms that avoid the most damaging enhancements. Each case requires a tailored approach based on the specific criminal history and current charges.